Linux挂载磁盘目录

一、背景

由于安装oracle数据库，磁盘空间不足，已经加了存储，但是没有挂载，需要将/dev/sdb全部挂载到/oracle目录下

1. [root@database-001 ~]# lsblk
2. NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
3. sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk
4. └─sda1 8:1 0 50G 0 part /
5. sdb 8:16 0 800G 0 disk
6. [root@database-001 ~]#

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二、开始挂载磁盘

1、查看

1. [root@database-001 ~]# fdisk -l
3. Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
4. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
5. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
6. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
7. Disk label type: dos
8. Disk identifier: 0x000f24de
10. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
11. /dev/sda1 * 2048 104857566 52427759+ 83 Linux
13. Disk /dev/sdb: 859.0 GB, 858993459200 bytes, 1677721600 sectors
14. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
15. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
16. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
18. [root@database-001 ~]#
20. 从上面查看，/dev/sdb 可以挂载

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2、挂载磁盘

说明：

分区的起始磁柱值和截止磁柱值计算方法：

sectors值=容量/512 bytes，1GiB=1073741824 bytes

• First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048)是数据盘/dev/vdb（100 GiB）的磁柱范围

  起始磁柱=2048

  截止磁柱值=sectors值-1=(100 * 1073741824 / 512)-1=209715200-1=209715199

• 数据盘/dev/vdb的第1个分区/dev/vdb1（40 GiB）：

  起始磁柱值=2048（此处使用数据盘/dev/vdb的起始磁柱）

  截止磁柱值=sectors值-1=（40 * 1073741824 / 512 ）-1=83886079

• 数据盘/dev/vdb的第2个分区/dev/vdb2（60 GiB）：

  起始磁柱值 = /dev/vdb1的截止磁柱值 + 1 = 83886079+1 = 83886080

  截止磁柱值 = 起始磁柱值 + sectors - 1 = 83886080+(60 * 1073741824 / 512 ) -1 = 209715199

• fdisk /dev/sdb ：开始挂载

• n：新建一个分区

• p：“p”表示主分区，“e”表示扩展分区。

• 1："Partition number (1-4): "选择主分区号   输入"1"表示第一个主分区

• First sector：起始磁柱值

• Last sector：截止磁柱值

• p：查看分区情况

• w：保存

1. [root@database-001 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
2. Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
4. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
5. Be careful before using the write command.
8. Command (m for help): n
9. Partition type:
10. p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
11. e extended
12. Select (default p):p
13. Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
14. First sector (2048-1677721599, default 2048):
15. Using default value 2048
16. Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1677721599, default 1677721599): 1677721599
17. Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 800 GiB is set
19. Command (m for help): p
21. Disk /dev/sdb: 859.0 GB, 858993459200 bytes, 1677721600 sectors
22. Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
23. Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
24. I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
25. Disk label type: dos
26. Disk identifier: 0xf3c5bc73
28. Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
29. /dev/sdb1 2048 1677721599 838859776 83 Linux
31. Command (m for help): w
32. The partition table has been altered!
33. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
34. Syncing disks.
36. [root@database-001 ~]#

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 3、确认分区格式

1. [root@database-001 ~]# parted /dev/sdb
2. GNU Parted 3.1
3. Using /dev/sdb
4. Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
5. (parted) p
6. Model: Huawei VBS fileIO (scsi)
7. Disk /dev/sdb: 859GB
8. Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
9. Partition Table: msdos
10. Disk Flags:
12. Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
13. 1 1049kB 859GB 859GB primary
15. (parted) q
16. [root@database-001 ~]#

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说明：

“Partition Table：msdos”表示磁盘分区格式为MBR

输入“q”，按“Enter”，退出parted模式。

4、对分区/dev/sdb1 创建ext4文件系统

1. [root@database-001 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
2. mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
3. Filesystem label=
4. OS type: Linux
5. Block size=4096 (log=2)
6. Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
7. Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
8. 52428800 inodes, 209714944 blocks
9. 10485747 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
10. First data block=0
11. Maximum filesystem blocks=2357198848
12. 6400 block groups
13. 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
14. 8192 inodes per group
15. Superblock backups stored on blocks:
16. 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
17. 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
18. 102400000
20. Allocating group tables: done
21. Writing inode tables: done
22. Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
23. Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
25. [root@database-001 ~]#

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5、再次确认分区格式

执行“parted /dev/sdb”命令，再输入“p”，查看分区文件系统类型已经是ext4。

1. [root@database-001 ~]# parted /dev/sdb
2. GNU Parted 3.1
3. Using /dev/sdb
4. Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
5. (parted) p
6. Model: Huawei VBS fileIO (scsi)
7. Disk /dev/sdb: 859GB
8. Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
9. Partition Table: msdos
10. Disk Flags:
12. Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
13. 1 1049kB 859GB 859GB primary ext4
15. (parted) q
16. [root@ecs-database-001 ~]#

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6、新建目录，并将新建分区挂载至新建目录

1. [root@database-001 ~]# mkdir /oracle
2. [root@database-001 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /oracle
4. [root@database-001 ~]# lsblk
5. NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
6. sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk
7. └─sda1 8:1 0 50G 0 part /
8. sdb 8:16 0 800G 0 disk
9. └─sdb1 8:17 0 800G 0 part /oracle

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7、使用磁盘分区的UUID来设置开机自动挂载磁盘分区

1. -- 查询磁盘分区的UUID。
2. [root@database-001 ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
3. /dev/sdb1: UUID="c5a0a667-fa70-49ee-aaf3-6ef60b81f633" TYPE="ext4"
5. -- 设置开机自动挂载磁盘分区
6. [root@database-001 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
7. UUID=c5a0a667-fa70-49ee-aaf3-6ef60b81f633 /oracle ext4 defaults 0 2

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8、挂载完成

1. [root@database-001 ~]# df -h
2. Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
3. devtmpfs 31G 0 31G 0% /dev
4. tmpfs 31G 0 31G 0% /dev/shm
5. tmpfs 31G 8.6M 31G 1% /run
6. tmpfs 31G 0 31G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
7. /dev/sda1 50G 4.0G 43G 9% /
8. tmpfs 6.1G 0 6.1G 0% /run/user/0
9. /dev/sdb1 788G 73M 748G 1% /oracle
10. [root@database-001 ~]#

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