Ubuntu 安装 OpenCV 4.5.5

换源（可选）

换个源，加快下载速度。

1. sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
2. sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

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清华源

1. # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
2. deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
3. # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
4. deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
5. # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
6. deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
7. # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
8. deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
9. # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

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阿里源

1. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
2. # deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
3. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
4. # deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
5. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
6. # deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
7. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
8. # deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
9. deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
10. # deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

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中科大源

1. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
2. # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
3. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
4. # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
5. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
6. # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
7. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
8. # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
9. deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
10. # deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

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网易163源

1. deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
2. deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
3. deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
4. deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
5. deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
6. # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
7. # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
8. # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
9. # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
10. # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

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华为源

1. deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
2. # deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
3. deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
4. # deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
5. deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
6. # deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
7. deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
8. # deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
9. deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
10. # deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
11. deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
12. # deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
13. deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
14. # deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
15. deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
16. # deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
17. deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
18. # deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
19. deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
20. # deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse

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换源后操作

1. sudo apt-get update
2. sudo apt-get upgrade

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update 和 upgrade 的区别：apt-get update 用于更新可获取软件及其版本信息，但仅仅给出一个可更新的list，具体更新软件操作需要通过 apt-get upgrad 命令。若不想更新应用，只执行 update 即可。

下载 OpenCV 4.5.5 源码

https://github.com/opencv/opencv/releases/tag/4.5.5

1. wget https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/refs/tags/4.5.5.zip

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环境准备

解压

如果是虚拟机，请勿在共享文件夹内进行操作。

1. unzip opencv-4.5.5.zip

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安装依赖

1. sudo apt-get install cmake
2. sudo apt-get install build-essential libgtk2.0-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libjpeg-dev libswscale-dev libtiff5-dev
3. sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev
4. sudo apt-get install pkg-config

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编译安装

在 opencv-4.5.5 文件夹中建立名为 build的文件夹，在build 目录下执行 cmake 和 make。

1. mkdir build
3. cd build
5. cmake -D WITH_TBB=ON -D WITH_EIGEN=ON -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON -D BUILD_DOCS=ON -D BUILD_TESTS=OFF -D BUILD_PERF_TESTS=OFF -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -D WITH_OPENCL=OFF -D WITH_CUDA=OFF -D BUILD_opencv_gpu=OFF -D BUILD_opencv_gpuarithm=OFF -D BUILD_opencv_gpubgsegm=O -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..
7. make -j8
8. sudo make install

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环境配置

动态库配置

1. sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf

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添加

1. /usr/local/lib

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保存后，终端内执行

1. sudo ldconfig

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更新 PKG_CONFIG_PATH

1. sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

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文末添加

1. PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
2. export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

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保存后，终端执行

1. source /etc/bash.bashrc
2. sudo updatedb

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若出现 sudo: updatedb: command not found，执行 sudo apt install mlocate 后再次操作即可。

验证

pkg-config

1. pkg-config --modversion opencv4

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程序验证

代码

test.cpp

1. #include <iostream>
2. #include <opencv2/core.hpp>
3. #include <opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp>
4. #include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
6. using namespace cv;
7. using namespace std;
9. /**
10. * 读写与显示
11. * @return
12. */
13. int main() {
14. cout << CV_VERSION << endl;
15. Mat src = cv::imread("image/lena.tif", IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
16. if (src.empty()) {
17. cout << "Could not load image\n" << endl;
18. return -1;
19. }
20. namedWindow("gray", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
21. imshow("gray", src);
22. waitKey(0);
24. imwrite("../image/lena_scale.tif", src);
25. return 0;
26. }

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CMakeLists.txt

1. cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
2. project(test)
3. find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
4. add_executable(test test.cpp)
5. target_link_libraries(test ${OpenCV_LIBS})

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编译

1. cmake .
2. make

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运行